自学高教自考英语翻译技巧4.docVIP

自学高教自考英语翻译技巧4 英汉互译时的词性转换 I.英语的名词转译成汉语的动词： 英汉两种语言具有不同的辞语结构。在汉语里，一个句子可以有多个动词并排使用，不管有多少动词，都可以按照先后的顺序一个一个地排下去；而英语则是一门静止的语言，在同等条件下，选择用名词的情况居多数，例如： 1.在名词转译成动词的句子中： a. My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tears on Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understood the pressures on her 我星期三发现妈妈在流眼泪而感到震惊、尴尬，这就表明我对妈妈所承受的压力知道的多么少。 在这个句子当中，shock，embarrassment，index等等都是英语趋向于用名词而不用动词的最好例子 b. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion and they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. 他们一想到在公共场穿不时髦的衣服，就感到浑身不自在，而一些商店和设计师们正是利用了他们的这种弱点。 c. As a boy and then as an adult，I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. 不论是在儿时还是长大以后，我一直都对爱因斯坦的人格感到很好奇。 d. Most of my friends live in the city， yet they always to into raptures at the mere mention of the country. 我的大多数朋友都住在城里，然而，他们只要一提起乡村就欣喜若狂。 e. The availability of information on the INTERNET, for example, widens the possibilities of informal education immensely. 比如，由于人们能在INTERNET网上可以得到信息，这就大大扩大了获得非正规教育的可能性。 2.在一些特定结构中，如：介词+ 名词= 副词 a. It is wise of him to deal with the delicate problem with care and with calmness. 他很明智，在处理这一敏感问题时及尽仔细和谨慎。 b. Einstein watched it in delight，trying to deduce the operating principle. 爱因斯坦很欣喜地看着它，想推断出其中的操作原理。 c. The soldier stared in surprise at the old farmer and the girl. 那个士兵很震惊地看着那个老农夫和女孩。 d. The old man looked closely at the row of puddings with great interest 老人很感兴趣地仔细打量起一排布丁。 3.由形容词变成的名词：这类词通常都是表示一类人，如：the poor/ oppressed/ exploited 4.在某些词组中 a. a good case in point after a while，as a result，at any rate，break（burst） into tears ，go into service，in a sense in addition in exchange for，in other words in reality，out of place，run （fly）into rage take account of to certain extent to his disappointment to one’s taste b. To his surprise，Mr. Beck failed to come as expected. 奇怪的是，贝克先生来晚了。 c. In all probability，I’m sure that he’ll come. 我敢肯定，他完全可能来晚。 d. He has said in all seriousness that their performance is p