Chap2 国际商务.pptVIP

* States in Transition 转型国家 Shift Centrally Planned Economies Mixed Economies Market – Based Economies Spread of market based systems（市场经济体制的蔓延） Spread of democracy （民主体制的扩展） * The nature of economic transformation(经济改革的特质) Deregulation（放松管制） Removal of legal restriction to the free play of market systems（限制市场自主调节法律的取消） Allowing establishment and operations of private enterprises（允许私企的存在和经营） Privatization（私有化） Transfer of ownership of state owned enterprise to private individuals（从国企到私人的所有权转让） Legal systems Laws that support a market economy （支持市场经济的法律体系） * Implications for Managers国家不同对国际商务管理人员的启示 Country differences influence: Attractiveness (p51-FIGURE 2.4) Benefits First mover advantages(先发优势 ) Late mover disadvantages (后发劣势 ) Cost (p49-2) Risk Political risk Economic risk Legal risk * GDP and GNP GDP measures the output produced by factors of production located in the domestic economy, regardless of who owns those factors. GNP measures the total income earned by domestic citizens regardless of where that income was earned GNP = GDP plus net property income from abroad. 课外阅读参考资料 * Property income is income from interest, dividends, profits and rents. In Ireland, the GDP figure is larger than the GNP figure because they have a lot of MNC’s based here whose profits are repatriated back to their home countries. * How markets view the world A country’s size shows the proportion of global gross domestic product found there Source: WDR 2009 team using 2005 GDP (constant U.S. dollars). Note: The cartogram was created using the method developed by Gastner and Newman (2004). This map shows the countries that have the most wealth when GDP is compared using currency exchange rates. This indicates international purchasing power—what someone’s money is worth if spent in another country. * Three types of countries, differing challenges for area development China: Poverty rates are high in the west, but most poor people are in the east * Global GDP is concentrated in