修辞与翻译学案.pptVIP

第五章：修辞与翻译（1） 修辞与翻译（一） 明喻 暗喻（隐喻） 转喻（借代） 夸张 反语 反复 排比 拈连 头韵 尾韵 递升；递降 明喻 simile 明喻的定义 明喻的构成 明喻的文化内涵 明喻的定义 Simile: a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to enhance an image. 明喻：把甲事物比作乙事物，两者既不同类，又不同质，只是在某一点上有相似之处。 明喻的构成 1）组成 I wandered alone as a cloud. (“I” 是Object/tenor本体, “lonely” 是sense喻意, “a cloud” 是image/vehicle喻体) 2)比喻词 英语：as…as…, like, as, as if/though 汉语：像，好像，如，犹如，若，宛若，宛如，仿佛，如同，跟……一般 明喻的文化内涵 1 共性（universals） 她的脸色苍白而带光泽，仿佛大理石似的；一双眼睛又黑又大，在黯淡的囚房中，宝石似的闪着晶莹的光。 Her face was pale and yet as lustrous as marble, and her large, black eyes sparkled like jewels in that murky cell. He drove as if possessed by the devil. 他着魔似地驾车狂奔。 明喻的文化内涵 2 个性（peculiarities） 喻意相同，喻体相同或略异 喻意相同，喻体相异 无对应 喻意相同，喻体相同或略异 know sth./ sb. like the palm of one’s hand as light as a feather as cold as ice as busy as a bee as cheerful as a lark 了如指掌 轻如鸿毛 冰冷 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 像云雀一样快活 喻意相同，喻体相异 as stupid as a goose as timid as a rabbit as hoarse as a crow as bold as a lion as mute as a fish as proud as a peacock as strong as a horse drink like a fish 蠢的象猪 胆小如鼠 公鸭嗓 勇如猛虎 噤若寒蝉；守口如瓶 骄傲得像公鸡 体健如牛 牛饮 无对应 as poor as a church mouse as cool as a cucumber as tight as a drum as sharp as a needle as sure as a gun 一贫如洗 非常镇静 非常不肯花钱 十分精明 一点不错；千真万确 暗喻 metaphor 暗喻的定义 英汉对应 暗喻的定义 Metaphor: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. 暗喻：又称隐喻。把要说明的事物比喻成另外一种具有鲜明的同一特点的事物，从而更形象、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力和感染力。 暗喻的构成 1）组成 After the long talk, he became the sun in her heart. 这次长谈之后，他成了她心中的太阳。（英汉的暗喻都不露比喻的痕迹，直接把甲说成了乙，正是在这一点上有别于前面所讲的明喻。） 2)比喻词 英语：be, become, turn into 汉语：是，成了，成为，当作等 英汉对应 完全对应 Our blood boils.我们热血沸腾。 部分对应 draw water in a sieve 竹篮打水 无对应 be tied to sb’s apron-strings 受人控制 比喻的翻译 保留原语形象（直译） 转换原语形象（替换） 舍弃原语形象（意译） 直译法 Joe, a clumsy and timid horseman, didn’t look to advantage in the saddle, “Look at him, Amelia my dear, driving into the parlor window. Such a bull in a china shop I never saw”. 乔胆子小，骑