Age of Romanticism.pptxVIP

The Age of Romanticism英国浪漫主义文学2009.9The Age of RomanticismEnglish Romanticism is generally defined to begin in 1798 with the publication of William Wordsworth 华兹华斯and Samuel Coleridge’s柯勒律治the Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s 司各特death.English Romantic Literature The Time (turn of 18th and 19th)beginningendinyrical Ballads Walter Scott’s death the Reform Bill （英国历史上1832年议会选举法修正法案）ContentsHistorical BackgroundLiterature of the Romantic periodRomantic poetryTwo groups of RomanticistsCharacteristics of Romantic periodFeatures of romantic poetryDecline of RomanticismWilliam WordsworthHistorical Background At the turn of the 18th and 19th century, Romanticism came to be the new trend in English literature. A literary revolution against restrictions, rules and artificial conventions (Neo-classicism). It rose and grew under the impetus of the French Revolution and The Industrial Revolution.Politically EconomicallyIdeologically 1798 Parisian people stormed the BastillePoliticallyThe French Revolution (1789), which at first gave British people great hope for a better future with rights and independence for all men but later brought them despair and nightmare. Social contradictions sharpened in England.Liberty, equality and fraternity（博爱）Radical organizations and pamphlets Holy Alliance 神圣同盟 and Peterloo MassacreEdmund Burke埃德蒙·伯克Reflections on the Revolution in France《对法国革命的感想》Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩The Right of Man 《人权》William Cobbett威廉·科白特Political Register《政治宣传册》Peterloo Massacre彼得卢屠杀1819年8月16日发生在英国曼彻斯特圣彼得广场上的一场流血惨案。1815年对法战争结束后，英国国内经济凋敝，政府日趋反动，导致人民强烈不满。激进派鼓吹民主改革，8 月16日在圣彼得广场举行8万人大会, 要求改革选举制度，废除谷物法和取消禁止工人结社法。大会组织者邀请英国激进的政治改革家亨利·亨特讲话。曼彻斯特市政长官命令军警逮捕亨特，遭到群众反对。事先已聚集在会场上的军警和骑兵立即出动，肆意砍杀和践踏手无寸铁的群众。顿时，血溅广场，有11人死亡（其中有2名妇女），400余人受伤。事后亨特等许多人以谋叛罪被监禁两年。英政府于同年 11 月颁布六项法案，禁止集会、游行，限制出版自由等。法案被群众称为“封口令”，激起更强烈的反抗。1820年4月，格拉斯哥爆发了有6万工人参加的政治大罢工。Economically: The Industrial RevolutionDuring this period, England itself had experienced profound economic and soci