Unit15 Testing of Listening.pptVIP

Unit15 Testing of Listening 1.What makes listening difficult? 1.Clustering（音丛）: we break down speech into small groups of words. 2.Redundancy（冗余）: such as “ I mean ; You know etc.” to show rephrasing, repetition, elaborations. 3.Reduced forms（弱化）: 4.Performance variables：hesitation, false start, pauses, and corrections 5.Colloquial 6.Rate of delivery 7.Stress, rhythm, and intonation 8.Interaction 2.Some factors which affect listening Language factors: morphemes, new words, sentence structures, context. Background knowledge: scheme theory to assimilate new knowledge Memory: short-term/ long-term memory（Cook：65） Short-term: used for keeping information for periods of time up to a few seconds. Digits ≦ 7 Long-term: remembering information for long periods. In second language, memory span is reduced. ≦6.4 3.What is listening competence?(P119) A．Micro-linguistic meaning comprehension B. Direct meaning comprehension C. Indirect meaning comprehension 4.Some features in TEM-4 Dictation, Listening Comprehension: 3 conversations with10-qs, 3 passages with10-qs, 3 news broadcast with10qs. 5.Methods in testing listening Multiple-choice: Advantage: Be able to listen for the general massage; Be able to listen for main ideas or important information; Be able to listen for specific details; Be able to determine the speaker’s attitude; Be able to make inferences and deductions from given information. For general message or main ideas: WHAT e.g.(1) The news item(the passage, the conversation ) is mainly about? A, B, C, D, (2) What has happened to the Cubans? A, B, C,D For specific details: WHEN, WHO, WHERE, HOW MANY(MUCH), WHICH. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT(CORRECT) about the woman? For inferences and deductions: e.g. from the passage we can learn that the speaker A. is unprepared for the post. B. is unclear about the conditions there. C. is ready for all the difficulties there. D. is eager to know more about the post. Or: is a teacher. is a doctor. is a