pH_theory.ppt

Some solutions aggressive towards the sensor and cause loss of calibration quicker than others pH 7 + 2.5 needs less calibration than pH 5.2 + 0.2 Quality - who makes it! Wrong electrolyte - careless, remove, wash and replace. Earth leakage - (a) do not ground reference side to reduce electrical noise! (b) some times can be a low-impedance path through the TX due to poor/lack of galvanic isolation Ingress of process medium - attention to operational conditions Dry - causes pH glass to dry and become non-functional Sore in electrolyte NOT distilled water - why? Draw schematic of diaphragm and effect of osmolarity difference on diaphragm. - increased impedance - unstable diaphragm potential - for electrodes with AgCl saturated electrolyte dilution of electrolyte causes dissociation of argentohalide complexes and precipitation of AgCl in the diaphragm resulting in blockage. EXCEPTION! InPro 3000/3100 sensors must be stored in pH4 buffer! (wait for stable value) - do not rush calibration, wait for electrode to become stable The reference system can be as simple as a silver wire coated with AgCl. NB if this type used, must employ electrolyte saturated with AgCl because strong KCl solutions dissolve AgCl off the wire ??early failure (No chemical reaction..) - a point often overlooked (hysteresis) - more about this later Problem with Ag/AgCl coated wire systems Smooth temp change gives uneven ref potential change (note, a change is expected by virtue of Nernst equation) No use for industrial systems with temperature change, or sterilisations! Why? AgCl trying to establish new solution equilibrium as temperature changes. ARGENTHAL reference cartridge has no hysteresis, uniform response to temperature change. ARGENTHAL system engineered to ensure lead-out system al ways in equilibrium with respect to AgCl (Electrolyte) - with this type of reference element an AgCl saturated electrolyte is not needed. The design of this reference system ensu