非谓语动词语法讲解.docxVIP

非谓语动词用法归纳非谓语动词的考查将主要集中在如下两方面：1、非谓语动词的句法功能，即其在句中所充当的成分；2、非谓语动词的一些特殊用法。动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。基本用法否定形式： not +不定式，　not + 动名词，　not + 现在分词注：1.动词不定式的一般式:所表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行；动词不定式进行式：所表示的动作正在进行；动词不定式完成式：所表示的动作则在谓语动词的动作之前发生。2.动词ing的一般式：所表示的动作在谓语动词之前、后或同时进行要看语境；动词ing的完成式：所表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生。He came here to borrow a book. I pretended to be reading when mother came in.She is said to have been sent to Europe on business Being a student, he was interested in books.Having done his homework, he went to bed. The question being discussed is important.非谓语动词主要的句法功能一览表：1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)(3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。It is / was no use / good + doing sth.It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.It is / was useless doing sth.It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。It is of little good staying up too late every day.每天都熬夜没有什么好处2．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decidepretend ; choose想要拒绝命令，需要努力学习,期望同意帮助，希望决定开始。want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定，表示adv