英语人生哲理 2.pptVIP

An analogy for refraction Index of Refraction How rainbows are produced Light propagating through a glass slab * The Refraction of Light Light moves at different speeds through different media. When it travels from one medium into another, the change in speed causes the ray to bend. As a marching band moves from an area where the ground is solid to one where it is soft and muddy, the direction of motion changes. Huygens’ Principle and the Law of Refraction Huygens’ principle can also explain the law of refraction. As the wavelets propagate from each point, they propagate more slowly in the medium of higher index of refraction. This leads to a bend in the wavefront and therefore in the ray. Huygens’ Principle and the Law of Refraction The Refraction of Light The angle of refraction is related to the different speeds: The speed of light in a medium is given by the index of refraction of that medium: The Refraction of Light We can now write the angle of refraction in terms of the index of refraction: A beam of light in air enters (a) water (n = 1.33) or (b) diamond (n = 2.42) at an angle of 60.0° relative to the normal The Refraction of Light Basic properties of refraction: The Refraction of Light Here are some typical indices of refraction: The Refraction of Light If light enters a medium of lower index of refraction, it will be bent away from the normal. If the angle of incidence is large enough, the angle of refraction is 90°; at larger incident angles the light will be totally reflected. The Refraction of Light Refraction can make objects immersed in water appear broken, and can create mirages. Huygens’ Principle and the Law of Refraction Highway mirages are due to a gradually changing index of refraction in heated air. The Visible Spectrum and Dispersion The index of refraction of a material varies somewhat with the wavelength of the light. Huygens’ Principle and the Law of Refraction The frequency of the light does not change, but the wavelength d