DISTANCE MEASUREMEN12T.docVIP

DISTANCE MEASUREMENT Distance is a fundamental quantity which it is necessary to measure. A wide variety of techniques can be used for the determination of distance. The general distinction can, however, be made between direct, optical and electronic methods. All of the techniques discussed are capable of varying levels of precision depending on the degree of sophistication [s?,fistikei??n] of the instrumentation and the observational techniques adopted.测量的精确度要看使用的仪器的硬件功能和所运用的技巧。 这里有许多种技术方法可以用于测量两点间距离，主要就分为DDM，ODM和EDM Direct distance measurement DDM 直接测距 The simplest method of measuring distance is that of physically measuring the distance with a tape. In the past invar [invɑ:] tapes were used for the precise measurement of baselines for triangulation [trai,??ɡjulei??n] networks三角网. Nowadays, DDM is generally confined to either the precise measurement of short distances for setting-out or control purposes or the less precise measurement of the detailed dimensions of a building or land parcel. DDM是一般只局限于两种短距离的精确测量放样或控制目的，或建筑物或一块土地少的详细尺寸精确测量。There are basically two types of tape in common use. Fibreglass n.玻璃纤维,玻璃丝[t?p?kl?] either 30, 50 or 100m in length. 钢尺是目前最为广泛的直接测距工具，所以可以看到我们的工程测量教材上距离测量直接就把这种测量介绍为钢尺测距。 In order to obtain high precision with either type of tape, it is essential that it is periodically checked against a standard reference tape, the length of which is known to a higher order of accuracy than that of the tape being checked. 卷尺测量误差可能会很大，因此需要定期的检查If a significant variation exists, a standardization [,st?nd?daizei??n] correction should be applied. In addition, it is vital 极为重要的that suitable attention is paid to the effect影响 of variations in slope坡度, temperature 温度and tension拉伸 which may necessitate需要 appropriate适当 corrections being applied to the measured distance.此外，应适当考虑坡度、温度和拉伸对所测得距离的不同影响，对测量结果进行必要的合理修正是很重要的。In addition 附加的意思，it is vital that …是主语后置句子主语过长，it 为形式主语。Measured 过去分词作定语修饰distance。 这些是卷尺测距时要用到的一些辅助工具 钢钎 垂球 Optical distance mea