托福阅读备考要讲究循序渐进.docxVIP

托福阅读备考要讲究循序渐进　　阅读是托福考试的重要得分点，有3篇学术文章，每篇700字左右，每篇有12-14个问题，做题时间在60分钟左右，分数为30分。所以备考时提升托福阅读能力很重要。但是许多考生做托福阅读就仅仅只限做题，并没有什么收获。下面，我们拿一篇阅读文章来做一个示范，来说明除了要做对以外，还应该从阅读文章中获得些什么资源，提炼文章中哪些“语言要素”来提升英语能力，而不单单只是应试阅读能力的提高。以下就从“词--句--篇章”来谈谈如何备考托福阅读。　　原文：　　GeologistshavelongknownthattheEarthsmantleisheterogeneous,butitsspatialarrangementremainsunresolved—isthemantleessentiallylayeredorirregularlyheterogeneous?Thebestevidenceforthelayered-mantlethesisisthewell-establishedfactthatvolcanicrocksfoundonoceanicislands,islandsbelievedtoresultfrommantleplumesarisingfromthelowermantle,arecomposedofmaterialfundamentallydifferentfromthatofthemidoceanridgesystem,whosesource,mostgeologistscontend,istheuppermantle.Somegeologists,however,onthebasisofobservationsconcerningmantlexenoliths,arguethatthemantleisnotlayered,butthatheterogeneityiscreatedbyfluidsrichinincompatibleelements(elementstendingtowardliquidratherthansolidstate)percolatingupwardandtransformingportionsoftheuppermantleirregularly,accordingtothevagariesofthefluidspathways.Webelieve,perhapsunimaginatively,thatthisdebatecanberesolvedthroughfurtherstudy,andthattheunderexploredmidoceanridgesystemisthekey.　　一、难词　　spatial:a.1.空间的，太空的;2.存在(或者发生)于宇宙空间的　　plume:n.1.羽状物2.柱，地柱　　xenolith:俘虏岩　　percolate:v.1.渗透2.扩散到，弥漫于　　portions:n.一部分　　二、难句　　1.thebestevidenceforthelayered-mantlethesisisthewell-establishedfactthatvolcanicrocksfoundonoceanicislands，islandsbelievedtoresultfrommantleplumesarisingfromthelowermantle，arecomposedofmaterialfundamentallydifferentfromthatofthemid-oceanridgesystem，whosesource，mostgeologistscontend，istheuppermantle.　　对于地幔分层论点来说，最好的证据乃这样一个确认的事实，即在那些海洋岛屿——这些岛屿据信是源于由下层地幔升上来的地幔柱状溶岩流(mantleplume)——上发现的火山岩石，是由与海洋中部山脊系统的物质根本不同的物质构成的，而这一海洋中部山脊系统的成因，大多数地质学家论辩道，为上部地幔。　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语　　解释：本句前面的主干并不算难，即theevidenceisthefactthat,难就难在fact之后说明fact的同位语从句。此从句中既有大段插入语，又有从句，较为难读。同位语从句的主语是volcanicrocks，主语后面的foundonoceanicislands是分词修饰volcanicrocks的;islands后面又有一个说明islands的同位语islandsbelievedtoresultfrommantleplumesarisingfromthelowermantle,此同位语实际起到一个分隔主谓