昆虫生态.docVIP

Insect ecology 1what is ecology? what is insect ecology？levels of biology organization；the nature of ecology Essential ecology vocabulary : species , population ,community ,ecosystem 2what is a population ?properties of populations ;the application of population ecology ，three patterns of population dispersion ,index of dispersion ,geometric growth equation ,logistic population growth, carrying capacity of the environment The structure of time specific life table , survivorship curve The structure of age- specific life table., morris-watt model k-selection r-selection, patterns of population fluctuation density-dependent factors, density-independent factors 3 what is the environment? biotic factor, abiotic factor, shelford’s law of tolerance Poikilothermic vs. homeothermic , ectothermic vs. endothermic, critical temperature, law of total effective temperature cold-hardiness in insects, supercooling point and cold-hardiness of insects Dormancy vs. Diapause in insects intraspecific communication(pheromone, visual ,sound) Semiochemicals ( Kairomone ,allomone ,pheromone) niches(inch.Fundamental and realized),types of interspecific interactions(neutralism, competition (intraspecific vs.interspecific),commensalism,amensalism,mutualism,predation\parasitism\herbivory) exploitation competition vs. interference competition the competitive exclusion principal , gausse’s rule ,resource partitioning allelopathy ,mutualism , facultative vs. obligate mutualisms predators vs. parasitoid, types of functional responses ,holling disk equation parasitoids vs. Parasite secondary plant compounds ,paper facter, herbivore-induced plant volatiles, SPCs: as a repellent or an attractant to insects,‘top down’ vs. ‘bottom up’regulation 4primary producers (autotrophs) ,consumers, secondary producers, microbivores, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores Trophic level, Trophic transfers, food chain, food web, pyramids of energy\biomass\numbers Why 3-4 trophic levels？ Community\guilds\functi