Chapter4GatesandCircuits1.ppt

Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits What is this chapter about? the most fundamental/basic hardware elements of a computer computer science intersects electrical engineering Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits Key Terms transistor (三极管/晶体管/半导体) gate(门) circuit(电路，门电路) integrated circuit(集成电路)/chip(芯片) Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits Key Terms circuit: combinational circuit(组合电路) adder, full adder, half adder 加法器, 全加器, 半加器 multiplexer(多路选择器) sequential circuit(时序电路) Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits Key Terms circuit equivalence(等值电路): Two circuits are equivalent if and only if they perform the same function(功能,函数) Boolean algebra, logic diagram, truth table: 布尔代数， 逻辑图， 真值表 three methods to define/specify a circuit,which can be a gate Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits A transistor made of a semiconductor material neither a good conductor of electricity, such as copper, nor a good insulator, such as rubber Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits A transistor has three terminals A source (源极) A base (基极) An emitter (发射极) Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits The connection of a transistor A source: connected to a high voltage A base: electrical pulse, high or low voltage An emitter: a low voltage Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits Question: Any current(电流) from source to emitter? Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits Two states of a transistor Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits Summary of a transistor A transistor can be either a conductor or an insulator, according to the voltage of the base. A transistor can be said to be a switch(开关) which is on or off, to let the current go through or block the current. Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits Summary of a transistor A transistor has one of two states at any time: base=0 and source=1 base=1 and source=0 A transistor switches(切换) between these two states according to the base. Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits What’a a gate? A gate is a transistor or a group of transistors connected to each other