专业基础5.ppt

Chapter 7 Water Quality 7.1 Introduction 1.What exactly is pure water? Just how pure does it have to be for drinking or for other uses? It is not enough to simply describe water quality as being “good” or “poor”. Some quantitative measures for determining and describing the condition of the water are needed. 2. the presence of foreign substances in water and their effects on people or the aquatic environment 7.1 Introduction 3. Is the rain water pure? Give an example. No, the rain water is not pure. It picks up dust particles and such gases as oxygen and carbon dioxide. Acid rain. (In some industrialized regions, the quality of rain water is altered significantly before it ever touches the ground.) 7.2 Fundamental words concepts(quickly review, 快速复习) 1. Elements and compounds Atom, molecule, chemical formula, Organic/inorganic compounds copper (Cu), hydrogen (H), iron (Fe), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), carbon (C), chlorine (Cl), lead (Pb), sodium (Na), sulfur (S) 2. Solutions (溶液) Aqueous solutions, solvent (溶剂)/solute(溶质)， saturated solution, ion (离子) 7.2 Fundamental words concepts 3. Suspensions and Colloids Coarse suspension (悬浊液), colloids, positive/negative electrical charges (the basic reason that colloids are stable) 4. Expressing Concentration Dilute/weak/strong solution, mass per unit volume (质量体积浓度, 如μg/L, micrograms per liter), parts per million/billion (ppm/ppb), percentage concentration (质量百分比浓度，如3.6%) 7.2 Fundamental words concepts 5. Acids, Bases, and pH Hydrogen ion (H+), hydroxyl (OH-), pH scale (pH值) 6. Organic Substances Hydrocarbons (烃), ring hydrocarbon (芳香烃), benzene (苯), alcohols, aldehydes (醛), ketones (酮), carbonhydrates, protein, biodegradable, 7.3 Physical Parameters of Water Quality 1. The parameters that are commonly used to describe the physical quality of water include turbidity, temperature, color, taste, and odor. 2. Turbidity (1) When small particles are suspended in water, they tend to scatter and absorb li