语言学课件7分析.ppt

Chapter SevenLanguage, Culture, Society Teaching aims: to study the relation between culture, society and language Teaching focuses: The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, Language Variation Teaching procedures: 1. Language and culture 2. Language and society 1. Language and Culture Definition of Culture Brainstorm Please write down whatever comes to your mind when you hear or think of culture. Next, try to figure out how they are related to culture. Define “culture” in your own words …… more that 500 versions no consensus reached up to present Some well-known definitions… “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” E. B. Tylor, 1871 the earliest, perhaps the best known, formal definition “culture is communication and communication is culture.”　 Hall, 1976 Some well-known definitions… Liang Shuming, a well-known Chinese scholar, the last Confuscianist in China, offers three aspects of culture in his book Culture Philosophy: What is culture? In a broad sense, culture means the total way of life of a people, including how to speak, how to act, how to think, how to feel, etc. In a narrow sense, culture may refer to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs, which can be mostly found in folk culture, enterprise culture or food culture, etc. There are generally two types of culture: material and spiritual. 1.1 The relationship between L C Generally, the relation of L to C is that of part to whole, for L is part of C. The knowledge and beliefs that constitute a people’s culture are habitually encoded and transmitted in L. Anthropological study of linguistics: study of language in a sociocultural context. London School: B. Malinowski J. Firth North American School: F. Boas, E. Sapir B.L. Whorf London School: Br