Basic Chemistry 基本化学2010.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * Chemistry Matter Matter = any material substance with Mass Volume Matter Solid Liquid Gas comes in 3 phases Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume Liquid Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Definite Volume Gas Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Indefinite Volume – can expand and be compressed Elements one of the 100+ pure substances that make up everything in the universe Examples of Elements H = Hydrogen C = Carbon O = Oxygen N = Nitrogen S = Sulfur Na = Sodium Ca = Calcium K = Potassium I = Iodine Cl = Chlorine P = Phosphorus Atom the smallest particle making up elements Sub-atomic Particles Protons p+ - positive charge, in nucleus Electrons - e- negative charge, orbiting nucleus Neutrons n0 – no charge, in nucleus Drawing an Atom of Carbon C 12.011 6 Atomic Mass Atomic # minus Atomic # = # of n0 = # of p+ and # of e- Carbon has 6 p+ and 6 e- Carbon has 6 n0 Drawing an Atom of Carbon 6 p+ 6 n0 e- e- e- e- e- e- Compounds Compounds - 2 or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new properties Properties – The way a chemical substance looks and behaves Compounds Compounds – are made of 2 or more different atoms combined to form Molecules H + O H2O = H O H Chemical formula lists the number of different atoms in a single molecule Structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a single molecule Molecules Glucose Sugar C6H12O6 Chemical formula C H O H C C C C C H H H H H H O H O O H H O O H Structural formula Compounds Inorganic Compounds or Organic Compounds usually don’t contain Carbon generally come from the earth generally simple molecules always contain C H and usually O, N, sometimes S P originate in organisms generally complex molecules Examples of Inorganic Compounds H + O = H2O = Water H + Cl = HCl = Hydrochloric Acid C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide Na + Cl = NaC