数据库第一张PPT.pptVIP

Database System Chapter 1: Introduction Some basic concepts 数据是数据库中存储的基本对象。数据的种类很多：文字、图形、图像、声音、学生的档案记录、货物的运输情况等等都是数据。 数据的定义:描述事物的符号记录称为数据。 描述事物的符号:可以是数字、也可以是文字、图形、图像、声音、语言等，数据有多种表现形式，它们都是经过数字化后存入计算机。 事物的描述 在计算机中，为了存储和处理事物，就要抽出对这些事物感兴趣的特征组成一个记录来描述。 例如：在学生档案中，人们最感兴趣的是：学生姓名、性别、年龄、出生年月、籍贯、所在系别、入学时间，那么可以这样描述： 李明，男，22，1984，哈尔滨，计算机，2006 因此这里的学生记录就是数据。了解其含义的可以明白它代表的意思，不了解其语义的则无法理解其含义。 数据的解释 数据的形式并不能完全表达其内容，需要经过解释。所以数据和关于数据的解释是不可分的。 数据的解释是指对数据的说明，数据的含义称为数据的语义，数据与其语义是不可分的。 Some basic concepts Database（DB） A collection of data stored in a standard format 版本、格式 , designed to be shared by multiple users. Database Management System DBMS A collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. - A software system that enables users to define, create, maintain, and control access to the database. - Management: store, security, integrity - Such as Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, Informix Some basic concepts Cont. Database System DBS A system consisting of a database, a DBMS, and application programs which use the database. A database example Introduction DBMS Purpose of Database System View of Data Data model Instance and Schemas Database Language Database Architecture History of Database Systems Database Management System DBMS DBMS contains information about a particular enterprise Collection of interrelated data Set of programs to access the data An environment that is both convenient and efficient to use Database-System DBS Application Banking: all transactions Hotel: reservations Airline: reservations, schedules Library: search, borrowing University: registration DBS touch all aspects of our lives 1.2 Purpose of Database Systems In the early days, database applications were built directly on top of file systems Drawbacks of using file systems to store data P3-P5 : 1. Data redundancy and inconsistency Multiple file formats, duplication of information in different files 2. Difficulty in accessing data Need to write a new program to carry o