Stephen Hawking听力练习.docVIP

Listening Comprehension Based on Stephen Hawking’s Speech about Universe in 2008 Exercise A Gap Filling (Start---00:03:34) There is nothing bigger or older than the universe. The questions I would like to talk about are: one, where did we come from? How did the universe____?1，come into being _____? Are we alone in the universe? Is there alien life (外星生物)out there? What is the future of the human race? Up until the 1920s, everyone thought the universe was essentially static（静止的） and __2，unchanging ____ in time. Then it was discovered that the universe was ____3，discovered ____. Distant galaxies（银河系）were moving away from us. This meant they must have been closer together in the past. If we extrapolate（推断）back, we find we must have all been ____4,on top of each ____ about 15 billion years ago. This was the Big Bang, the beginning of the universe. But was there anything before the Big Bang? If not, what created the universe? Why did the universe ____5,emerge from ____ the Big Bang the way it did? We used to think that the theory of the universe could ____6,be divided into ____ two parts. First, there were the laws like Maxwells equations and general relativity that determined the evolution of the universe, given its state over all of space at one time. And second, there was no question of the initial state of the universe. We have _______7,_made good progress ______ on the first part, and now have the knowledge of the ______8,_laws of evolution ______ in all but the most extreme condition（极端情况）. But until recently, we have had little idea about the initial conditions for the universe. However, this division into laws of evolution and initial conditions _________________9,depends on time and space being separate and distinct_____________________. Under extreme conditions, general relativity and quantum theory（量子论）allow time to behave like another dimension（维度）of space. This removes the distinction between time and space, and means the laws of evolution can also deter