专八人文知识英国概况.doc

第一部分???英国第一章??英国地理1.??The?official?name?of?the?United?Kingdom?is?the?United?Kingdom?of?Great?Britain?and?Northern?Ireland.2.?There?are?three?political?divisions?on?the?islands?of?Great?Britain:?England,?Scotland?and?Wales.3.?About?a?hundred?years?ago,?Britain?ruled?an?empire?that?had?one?fourth?of?the?world’s?people?and?one?fourth?of?the?world’s?land?area.4.?The?Britain?Empire?was?replaced?by?the?Britain?commonwealth?in?1931,which?is?a?free?association?of?independent?counties?that?were?once?colonies?of?Britain.5.?Britain?is?separated?from?the?rest?of?Europe?by?the?English?Channel?in?the?south?and?the?North?Sea?in?the?east. 6.?Britain?has,?for?centuries,?been?tilting?with?the?northwest?slowly?rising,?and?the?southeast?slowly?sinking.?The?north?and?west?of?Britain?are?mainly?highlands.?The?southeast?and?east?are?mainly?lowlands.7.?The?pennies,?a?range?of?hills?running?from?north?midlands?to?Scottish?border,?are?the?principal?mountain?chain.8.?Ben?Nevis?in?Scotland?is?the?highest?mountain?in?Britain,?and?the?Lough?Neagh?in?Northern?Ireland?is?the?largest?lake?in?Britain.9.?There?are?three?natural?zones?in?Scotland:?the?highlands?in?the?north,?the?central?lowlands,?and?the?southern?uplands.?The?lowlands?in?the?center?comprise?mostly?the?forth?and?Clyde?valleys.10.?Edinburgh,?Cardiff?and?Belfast?are?the?capitals?of?Scotland,?Wales?and?Northern?Ireland. 11.?Scotland?has?about?800?islands,?including?the?Orkney,?Shetlands?and?Hebrides.苏格兰有800座岛屿，包括奥克内群岛，谢特兰群岛和赫不里德群岛。 12.?Besides,?the?Tweed,?the?Tyne,?the?Tees?and?the?Thames?Rivers?on?the?east?coast?all?face?the?North?Sea?ports?on?the?European?continent.除此以外，东海岸的邓恩河，泰河，迪斯河和泰晤士河都面临欧洲大陆上的北海各港口。13.?The?longest?river?in?Britain?is?the?Severn?River.?The?most?important?river?is?Thames?River.?River?Clyde?is?the?most?important?river?in?Scotland.英国最长的河流是赛文河，最重要的河流是泰晤士河。克莱德河是苏格兰最重要的河流。14.?Though?the?weather?in?Britain?is?so?changeable?and?unpredictable,?the?climate?is?in?fact?a?favorable?one.?Britain?has?a?steady?reli