汽车专业英语英汉互译.docVIP

The diameter of the cylinder is called the engine bore.Displacement and compression ratio are two frequently used engine specification.Displacement indicates engine size.and compression ratio compares the total cylinder volume to compression chamber volume The termstokeis used to describe the movement of the piston within the cylinder.The operating cycle may require either two or four stroke to complete. Most automobile engines operate on the four stroke cycle This type of engine is also know as Otto cycle,after the name of its inventor, Nikolaus Otto,who first applied the principle in 1876.In the 4-stroke engine, four strokes of the piston in the cylinder are required to complete one full operating cycle. Each stroke is named after the action.It performs intake, compression,power, and exhaust in that order, shown in Fig.1-2 1.Intake stroke The piston moves downward to the bottom dead center,a vacuum is created in the cylinder.The intake valve opens and air-fuel mixture comes into cylinder .To obtain the maximum filling of the cylinder the intake valve opens about 10 before t.d.c.giving 20overlap. The inlet valve remains open until some 50after b.d.c.to take advantage of mixture. 2.Compression stroke The air-fuel mixture is compressed within the combustion chamber.While the pressure rise to about 1MP, depending on various factors including the compression ratio, throttle opening and engine speed.The spark plug is fired ignite the air-fule mixture prior to the piston being at the t.d.c..Note that both valves are closed. 3.Power stroke The air-fuel mixture expands, which creates the power to force the piston downward.The exhaust valve opens near the bottom of the stroke. 4.Exhaust stroke As the piston starts to move upward, the exhaust valve is opened.The piston moving up force the exhaust gases out of the cylinder.The intake valve usually opens just before the exhaust stroke. This 4-stroke cycle is continuously repeated in e