System and networks-34.pptxVIP

Code-division multiple access, CDMACDMA與FDMA不同，它只有一個頻道CDMA與TDMA不同，所有站台同時傳輸，不需要分時。In CDMA, one channel carries all transmissions simultaneously.Code-division multiple access, CDMACDMACDMA立基於編碼的學理上每壹台工作站賦予一個代碼，是一系列稱為 chip 的數字 (chip sequences)Encoding Rule Figure 13.16 CDMA multiplexer Figure 13.17 CDMA demultiplexerCDMAChip sequencesOrthogonal sequencesWalsh tableFigure 12.29 General rule and examples of creating Walsh tablesExample 1Check to see if the second property about orthogonal codes holds for our CDMA example.SolutionThe inner product of each code by itself is N. This is shown for code C; you can prove for yourself that it holds true for the other codes. C . C = [+1, +1, -1, -1] . [+1, +1, -1, -1] = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4If two sequences are different, the inner product is 0. B . C = [+1, -1, +1, -1] . [+1, +1, -1, -1] = 1 - 1 - 1 + 1 = 0 Example 2Check to see if the third property about orthogonal codes holds for our CDMA example. SolutionThe inner product of each code by its complement is -N. This is shown for code C; you can prove for yourself that it holds true for the other codes. C . (-C ) = [+1, +1, -1, -1] . [-1, -1, +1, +1] = - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 = -4The inner product of a code with the complement of another code is 0. B . (-C ) = [+1, -1, +1, -1] . [-1, -1, +1, +1] = -1 + 1 + 1 - 1 = 0Local Area Networks:EthernetLAN 的 IEEE 標準 STANDARD ETHERNETThe original Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Since then, it has gone through four generations. We briefly discuss the Standard (or traditional) Ethernet in this section. Topics discussed in this section:MAC SublayerPhysical LayerFigure 13.3 Ethernet evolution through four generations Traditional (Standard) EthernetMAC SublayerPhysical LayerPhysical Layer Implementation Bridged EthernetSwitched EthernetFull-Duplex Ethernet 傳統乙太網路MAC 子層訊框格式訊框長度定址存取方式：CSMA/CD實體層編碼和解碼10Base5：粗乙太網路10Base2：細乙太網路10Base-T：雙絞線乙太網路10Base-F：光纖乙太網路MAC sublayerMedium access control: CSMA/CDFrame: 802.