写作读书笔记.docVIP

Chapter 2 Using Proper Words Types Choice Synonyms Dictionaries Learning English words Sound – spelling En cy clo pe dia Types of Words Common: frequency Textbooks Vocabulary overlapping between units Technical Computers and portable ones A desktop a laptop Nonstandard School schedule Never use it, but know it if possible. Standard language for foreigners to learn Oral – Listening – Basic 2. Choice of Words 1.for general or special purposes G noun referring back to its source S noun Verb: To run To rush: root + branches + leaves run hurry rush hours Gold Rush To dash details or summaries yes vs. no details about Yes … summary of Yes details about No … summary of No collocations a cluster of words a cluster of reeds I hit the little girl on the hand as punishment. The harpoon hit the fish. A traffic accident happened to him. He happened to meet me in the street. 3．No Synonyms Exactly meaning implication collocation stylistic value 4．Some Good Dictionaries English-English Dictionaries A hard copy The first option in pronunciation, spelling or uses Examples and illustrations Examples: collocations for better understanding For a better use 模板：替换练习 Meanings: C – memory / E- understanding Definitions Dictionaries of Idioms Dictionaries of Collocations Dictionaries of Synonyms and Thesauri 区分具体与抽象的词词从语义上可分为具体与抽象两种类别，例如：　抽象　　　具体good?　　　kind, honest, generous, warm-hearted, selfless, friendly　　laugh?　　　smile, chuckle, snigger　　scientist?　　physicist, biologist, chemist 　　fish?shark, 　salmon, perch, eel 　　tree?shrub,　 bush, pollard, oak, plane, pine, willow 抽象词意范围大，概括力强，但给人以空洞的感觉，适合于文章的开头和结尾等总结性部分。具体词意义有针对性、个性和精确性，给人以确切的概念，适合用于段落中细节的刻画，论点的阐述以及事物的描写。如果用抽象的词来表达具体的事物，便会给人笼统的感觉：a. 抽象: The man is good. 具体: The man is selfless.b. 抽象: There are three men in the room.具体: There are three little boys in the room. Structure A big letter a full stop A sentence starts with a big lette