pH_theory_EN_CN_12_10_01.pptVIP

* Dr.Th.Winkler; Dr.K.Fuchs * Dulcotest pH sensors PH 传感器 Potentiometry pH measurement电势法测量 Definition pH value定义PH值 Glass ball and diaphragm玻璃球和隔膜 Temperature influence on the measurement温度对测量影响 Dr.Th.Winkler; Dr.K.Fuchs Dissoziation von Wasser (H20 H+ + OH- ), Definition pH定义PH值 pH = - log a H + Acid酸性 Alkaline碱性 Neutral中性 a H +: activity H + (= concentration in diluted solutions) 溶液中H 离子浓度 Dr.Th.Winkler; Dr.K.Fuchs Change of pH-value by 1 step = PH值改变1相当于H离子浓度改变10倍 Change of H+ concentration by factor 10 !!!!! Meaning of pH-value PH值的意义 Dr.Th.Winkler; Dr.K.Fuchs Examples for pH values PH举例 pH 3.6% HCl盐酸 Coca Cola可乐 Orange juice橙汁 Beer啤酒 Milk牛奶 Blood血液 Seawater海水 Soap肥皂 4% NaOH烧碱 0 2.6 4.5 5.5 6,9 7.4 8 9 14 Dr.Th.Winkler; Dr.K.Fuchs Design of pH electrodes PH 电极的设计 1 Glass membrane 玻璃膜 2 Inner electrolyte 内部电解液 3 Inner electrode 内部电极 4 Referenc electrolyte 参考电解液 5 Outer electrode 外部电极 6 Diaphragm 隔膜 Combination probe Separate probe system reference electrode glass electrode mV mV Dr.Th.Winkler; Dr.K.Fuchs Theory: Electrochemistry of pH measurement PH测量的电化学理论 Sensor signal is a voltage U [mV] 传感器信号是电压U [mV] U = R * I The measurement is carried out 测量值完成 with high electrical restistance (R)高电阻 with no current (I) 无电流 Potentiometry: Measurement of a potential difference (voltage) 电势法：测量电位差(电压） Ag/AgCl/KCl/pHconst / /pHsample/KCl/AgCl/Ag Reference Glas Medium 参比电极 Membrane玻璃膜 介质 Elektrochemical chain电化学链: pH electrode电极 Saturated KCl Solution 饱和KCl 溶液 Glass Mem- Brane 玻璃膜 Probe 探头 Dia- Phram 隔膜 Dr.Th.Winkler; Dr.K.Fuchs E= E0- RxT x ln a2 a1 nxF Nernst Law: theoretical (Nernst law)理论值 Sensor signal according to the Nernst law传感器信号按照Nernst法测量 Slope (25°C)斜率 - 59.2 mV/pH Zero point零点 0 mV at pH 7 E: measured voltage E0: voltage reference R: Gas constante T: absolute temperature n: charge of H+ (=1) F: Faraday constante a1: Activity H+ in medium a2: Aktivity H+ in