PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.pptVIP

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ——Professional English for Nutrition and Food Hygiene The contribution of physical activity to TEE is highly variable. It may range from as little as 10% in the bed-ridden invalid to as much as 50% in the athlete. Energy expenditure can also vary considerably depending on body size and the efficiency of individual habits of motion. The level of fitness also affects the energy expenditure of voluntary activity, probably owing to increased muscle mass. Table 2-2 categorizes activity into five general levels as multiples of the REE and energy expenditure in kcal/min. The higher level of energy expenditure in each category represents a male with greater LBM. ——Professional English for Nutrition and Food Hygiene Table 2-3 gives the factors used to determine total daily energy requirements if the general level of activity of the individual is known. Activity patterns vary with age (Figs. 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5 ). Unless constrained, children typically are active and have daily energy expenditures of 1.7 to 2.0×REE, compared with 1.4 to 1.5×REE for the less active elderly (Food and Nutrition Board 1989 ). Mental activity does not appreciably affect the energy requirement. Table 2-4 shows the amount of energy expended in specific activities. Appendix 17- 25 presents a more complete listing based on body weight. ——Professional English for Nutrition and Food Hygiene TEE ：总能量代谢 REE：静息代谢 LBM：瘦体质 the bed-ridden invalid：久病卧床者 Energy expenditure：能量消耗 Motion：运动，移动，提议，大便 total daily energy requirements:一天能量总需求 Activity patterns：运动模式，运动方式 Mental activity：大脑活动 KEY WORDS ——Professional English for Nutrition and Food Hygiene 身体活动造成的能量消耗占TEE的比例是高度可变的，从对长期卧床病人的10%到对运动员而言的50%。能量消耗也会因身体大小和个人运动习惯效果的差异而有很大不同。健康的水平也会因日常活动而影响到能量消耗,这可能取决于增加的肌肉量。表2-2从动作的能量消耗相对于REE的倍数及每分钟的消耗量将动作分成了五个等级。每个等级中高能量消耗值代表有高瘦体质的男性。 ——Professional English for Nutrition and Food Hygiene 2-2 不同动作等级下能量的近似消耗相对于REE的倍数 动作种类 REE的能量消耗倍数 KCAL/MIN 静息 睡、躺 REE×1.0 1—1.2 极轻 坐或站、绘画、开车、实验室工作、打字、针线活、