2011职称英语卫生B级阅读理解新增文章2.docVIP

教材第二十四篇文章 Preventing Child Maltreatment Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-1ong consequences．There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment．Data for many countries。especially low-and middle-income countries, are lacking． Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study．Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used．Nonetheless，international studies reveal that approximately 20％of women and 5-10％of men report being sexually abused as children．While 25—50％of all children report being physically abused．Additionally，many children are subject to 1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse)． Every year，there are an estimated 31.000 homicide deaths in children under 15．This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to 3 falls, burns and drowning． Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences．Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development．Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems．Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural , physical and mental health problems．Via．the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease，cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted infections．4 Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment．there is an economic impact, including cost of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health cost. A number of risk factor for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment. It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blam