专业英语9-20100505.pptVIP

专业英语-第八讲 李聪 2010-05-05 cong.li@mail.xidian.edu.cn Translation Transistor A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals. It is made of a solid piece of semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistors terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much more than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal. Some transistors are packaged individually but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits With a suitable load resistor RL the collector voltage can vary by much more than the changes in the base-emitter voltage. Consequently small changes of current and voltage can be amplified into much larger ones, a fuction with many applications. Bipolar Junction transistor The three layers of semiconductor which constitute the emitter, base, and collector may be n-p-n or p-n-p, giving two alternative arrangements. The physical explanations required for the two kinds are the same if holes be read for electrons, p for n, and so on. The variation of the potential and the band structure The relative positions of the Fermi level show the external bias voltages. In a p-n-p transistor the base is slightly negative relative to the emitter, and the collector is very negative. Notice the majority carriers in the base are in a potential well, with a barrier on each side of them. This explains why the minority carriers carry most of the current, because the majority carriers are , to a useful extent, trapped in the base. Listen : carrier transpotation The base-emitter (B-E) pn junction is forward-biased, and the base-collector (B-C) pn junction is reverse-biased. This configuration is called the forward-active operating mode. The B-E junction is forward-biased so electrons from the emitter are injected across the B-E junction into