机械专业外文翻译论文（英文翻译）--184217256.docVIP

原文说明 原文说明的内容是：文章阐述了电机的工作原理、发展过程、以及伺服电机的工作控制原理。并且举例说明了伺服电机所适用的场合。 题名Servomotor’s Elements and Applications 作者 NEWMARKER 来源 佳工机电网 How Does a Motor Work? An electric motor converts electricity into mechanical motion. Electric motors are used in household appliances, electric fans, remote-controlled toys, and in thousands of other applications. The electric motor grew out of one of the earliest discoveries in electric science—Arago’s rotations. In 1824, Francois Arago discovered that a magnetic needle suspended over a copper disk would rotate when the disc was spun. The next year, computer pioneer Charles Babbage and astronomer John Herschel showed that the action could be reversed: spinning a more powerful magnet above the copper disk would spin the copper disc. Then, in 1831, Michael Faraday conducted experiments that helped explain why this took place. While this laid the groundwork for the electric motor, it was another half century before electric motors were doing useful work. Over the next few decades many inventors made improved devices for turning electricity into motion. One of these was Hippolyte Pixii’s 1832 improvement called the commutator, which switched the flow of current between two or more sets of stationary electromagnets to keep a motor continuously rotating. Thomas Davenport was the first to build an electric motor large enough to be used in industry, and he was also the first to seek a patent on a motor. Soon electric motors were being used for such things as transportation. Moritz-Hermann De Jacobi used an electric motor on a boat on the Neva River, and Charles G. Page used one to build a small locomotive. After the appearance of commercial electric power systems in the 1880s, larger electric motors were possible. An important change came in the later 1880s and 1890s, when electric power companies began considering the switch to alternating current. Alternating current was perfect for the distribution of electric power over long distances, an