2.bones of trunk.ppt

Morphological terms of bone 骨面突起： process-突； spine-棘； eminence-隆起； tuberosity-粗隆； tuber-结节；tubercle-小结节；crest-嵴； line-线 骨面凹陷： fossa-窝；fovea-凹；foveola-小凹； sulcus /groove-沟；impression-压迹 骨的空腔： Cavity-腔；sinus-窦；antrum-房；cellula-小房； canal-管；meatus-道；aperture-口； foramina/foramen-孔； hiatus-裂孔 骨端的膨大： Head-头；capitulum-小头；neck-颈；condyle-髁；epicondyle-上髁 平滑的骨面： Surface-面；border-缘；notch-切迹 Section 2 The bones of axis Vertebrae（椎骨） 24 Sacrum 骶骨 1 Coccyx （尾骨）1 Sternum （胸骨） 1 Ribs（肋骨） 12 pairs Vertebrae 椎骨 There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows: Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 C.7 Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 T.12 Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 L.5 Sacral vertebrae 骶椎 S.5 sacrum 骶骨 Coccygeal vertebrae 尾椎 Co.3~4 coccyx尾骨 General features of vertebrae Vertebral body 椎体 Vertebral arch 椎弓 pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根: sup. and inf. Vertebral notch 椎上、下切迹 lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 process 7 : spinous process 棘突 transverse process 横突 sup. and inf. articular processes 上、下关节突 Vertebral foramen 椎孔 Vertebral canal 椎管 Intervertebral foramen 椎间孔 Regional variations of vertebrae Cervical vertebrae Vertebrae Body: small，uncus of vertebral body Vertebral foramen: triangular and roomy（宽敞） Spinous processes: short and bifid in C2 to C5, long in C6,and longer in C7 but no bifid Transverse processes: short and bifid to form post. and ant. tubercle, transverse foramen Articular processes: horizontal Atypical vertebrae Atlas寰椎 C1 No body and process, consists of ant. / post. arches and two lateral masses 侧块 Groove for vertebral artery 椎动脉沟 Axis 枢椎 C2 : distinguished by dens齿突 which articulates with fovea dentis of anterior arch of atlas C6: Carotid tubercle: 颈动脉结节: anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6 against the carotid artery Prominent Vertebra 隆椎 C7 : contains long and non-bifid spinous process, it forms a prominent bump on the lower back of the neck. This feature is a convenient landmark for counting vertebrae. Thoracic vertebrae Vertebrae Body ： heart-shape, super