GT-lec2-introduction-v10.ppt

Graph Theory with Applications_Y.GUO Fall 2007 Y Guo 图论及其应用Graph Theory and Its Applications 郭宇春 Dept. Comm. Eng., School of EIE, BJTU ychguo@ Lecture 2. Introduction Birth of Graph theory Applications of Graph theory Developments in Graph theory Seven Bridges of K?nigsberg Problem K?nigsberg (哥尼斯堡, now Kaliningrad) , Germany seven bridges over the Pregel river Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler solved this Seven Bridges of K?nigsberg and published his research in 1736. This paper is regarded as the first paper in the history of graph theory as a subject. Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) Born April 15, 1707 in Basel, Switzerland University of Basel in 1720 at age 14 1723 completed Master’s degree in Philosophy 1726 completed Master’s degree in Mathematics Today’s Bridges of K?nigsberg A map of K?nigsberg (Kaliningrad, as it is now called) after its rebuilding after its destruction in World War II Today’s Bridges of K?nigsberg Bridge 1 Today’s Bridges of K?nigsberg Bridge 2 Today’s Bridges of K?nigsberg Bridge 3 Today’s Bridges of K?nigsberg Bridge 4 Today’s Bridges of K?nigsberg Bridge 5 Today’s Bridges of K?nigsberg Bridge 6 Birth of Graph theory The term of graph has been introduced by Sylvester in a paper published in 1878 in Nature. First theoretic book H?nig,D. Theorie der Endliche und Unendliche Graphen, Leipzig, Akademishe Verlagsgesellshaft, 1936 What is graph theory? “Graph theory is the study of mathematical objects (graphs) that are made of dots that may or may not be connected by lines.” History application More than one century after Eulers paper on the bridges of K?nigsberg and while Listing introduced topology, Cayley were led by the study of particular analytical forms arising from differential calculus to study a particular class of graphs, the trees. This study had many implications in theoretical chemistry. The involved techniques mainly concerned the enumeration of graphs having particular properties. Enumerative graph theory then rose