磨削烧伤.docVIP

磨削烧伤 作者：JEFFERY A . BADGER and ANDREW TORRANCE Understanding the causes of grinding burn helps alleviate the problem. 了解磨削烧伤的起因有利于减少此类问题的产生。 Grinding burn is a tern loosely used to describe any type of thermal damage that occurs to the workpiece during grinding. Often, the grinding engineer simply looks for workpiece discoloration to determine whether or not there is a problem. 磨削烧伤，一般用来形容工件在研磨加工过程中造成的任何一种热损伤。通常情况下，磨床工程师只简单地通过查看工件表面的污损来决定此工件是否有问题。 There are several different types of thermal damage. Some are strictly cosmetic, some inhibit grinding performance and some lead to immediate fracturing of the workpiece. 热损伤有多种不同的类型，一些确切地说是表面损伤，一些是会影响磨削性能的，还有一些能直接导致工件的断裂。 A workpiece’s ability to tolerate the grinding temperature is dependent on its composition, heat treatment and form. Hardened tool steel, for example, can normally tolerate an arc-of-cut” hot spot” of 650 ℃ without experiencing problems. But the same hot-spot temperature could cause an intricately shaped 52100-grade part to crack. Additionally, the amount of hard carbides in tool steel can determine whether a workpiece burns or not. A high percentage of carbides can blunt the wheel, making it grind too hot. 在研磨加工过程中，工件能承受的温度取决于它的成分，热处理以及形状。例如：淬硬工具钢，在通常情况下，能承受切入弧的高温点为650 ℃而不会产生问题。但是，同样的高温点却能使由52100钢铸的复杂型工件破裂。另外，工具钢中硬质碳化物的含量能决定一个工件是否会被烧伤，含较高碳化物的能硬化砂轮，从而使其能承受更高的磨削温度。 The changes that occur during grinding also must be taken into account. For example, the surface of a workpiece that has been gently ground (and, therefore, under low temperatures) will be left in a state of compressive residual stress. This is caused by the plastic deformation at the surface of the workpiece by the abrasive grits. Like shot peening, this can enhance the workpiece’s mechanical properties, with the most notable improvement being to fatigue life. 我们必须考虑到研磨加工过程中出现的变化。 例如：经过轻微研磨（低温情况下）的工件表面将处于有压缩残余应力的状态中。这是工件由研磨粒在工件表面产生的塑型变形造成的。像用锤敲击一样，这能够提高工件的机械效能，最明显的表现就是增加使用寿命。 However, as production r