Computer Hardware.pptVIP

Practice Exercise 15. Briefly describe the two basic types of semiconductor memory. Random Access Memory (RAM). These memory chips are the most widely used primary storage medium. Each memory position can be both sensed (read) and changed (written), so it is also called read/write memory. This is a volatile memory. Read Only Memory (ROM). Nonvolatile random access memory chips are used for permanent storage. ROM can be read but not erased or overwritten. Frequently used control instructions in the control unit and programs in primary storage (such as parts of the operating system) can be permanently burned in the storage cells during manufacturing. This is sometimes called firmware. Lecture 3 ~ End ~ * Traditionally, computer systems are classified as microcomputers, midrange computers, and mainframe computers. However, these distinctions are not so clear as a few years ago. Improvements in technology make microcomputers more powerful than ever and both minis and mainframes have lower and higher end versions. Within these parameters, the following are generally true: Microcomputers. These are the smallest computer systems, ranging in size from handheld personal digital assistants (PDAs) to laptops to desktop personal computers. Most microcomputer are designed for single-user application but can be linked via telecommunications to network servers. Midrange. Midrange or minicomputers are larger and more powerful that most microcomputers but smaller and less powerful than most large mainframes. Midrange systems are often used in business and scientific research. They are especially well suited for specialized tasks, usually so as to dedicate computing power to a specific function (such as back room order processing) without having to share time on an organizations larger mainframe. Of course, many small and medium-sized organizations use such computer for their whole operations. Mainframes. These are large, powerful computers (often filling an e