上册第五讲——动词的时态.pptVIP

表现形式：had Ved 用法：表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，或者表示过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作 e.g.：He said that he had written her a letter. When I came to her room,she had already left. I waited until he had finished his work. Helen rang me up after I had gone to sleep. We were very surprised at what she had done. * 表现形式：shall/will have Ved 用法：表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作 e.g.：We hoped it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic. Ill have done all the work by the time you are back this evening. The birds will have moved to the south before winter sets in. Im sure he will have left Tokyo by this time tomorrow. * 表现形式：have/has been doing 用法：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，或者可能要继续进行下去 e.g.：She has been working in Shenzhen since 1985. Where have you been?I have been looking for you everywhere. The children have been watching TV all moring. You look tired.What have you been doing today? She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. * 表现形式：had been doing 用法：表示过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去这个时间的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续 e.g.：He told me that he had been teaching physics for more than twenty years. Dick had been smoking for ten years before he decided to give it up last year. The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before somebody answered it. She said she had been expecting your good news. * 名词从句，尤其是其中的宾语从句中的动词时态，常受主句中时态的影响。 e.g.：She told John that she liked his tie.从句中like用了过去式，这并不是说明现在她已经不喜欢约翰的领带了，而是因为主句的谓语是过去时。这种现象叫做时态的呼应。时态的呼应只出现在主句谓语是过去时或过去完成时的时候。 e.g.：I thought the experiment was going on now. She said the apparatus would be available next week. 时态呼应的规则是从句的谓语动词由一般现在时变成一般过去时，一般过去时变成过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去将来时。 * 注：下列情况可以不遵守时态呼应规则 1、从句的谓语表示的是一个人或物的经常性特点 e.g.：The boys learned yesterday that the planets are circling about the sun. 2、从句中有时间状语 The old man said he joined the Red Army in 1933. 3、说话者强调动作现在正在进行或将要发生 He told me the train leaves at three. * Just as she was about___(speak),she was handed a note.(07下) It is the first tim