4-主谓一致课稿.ppt

* * * * * 主 谓 一 致 概念：谓语动词在人称与数上必须同主语保持一致， 叫主谓一致。 主谓一致 语法一致 意义一致 就近 一致 句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： A sheep eats grass. He is a student. She likes English. Sheep eat grass. We are students. They like English. I、语法一致 II、意义一致原则 即谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的意义是单数还是复数。 如： The Chinese are hard-working． 中国人是勤劳的。 1、动词不定式、动名词，从句或不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 如：Listening to the tapes is helpful to our English study . What she said is correct. 2、表示时间、距离、价格、重量、数目、数学运算等的词或短语做主语时，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数。 如：Ten years has passed. 10 kilometers is a long way for him . He is too tired . 3、由and ，both…and连接的两个名词做主语， 表示两个不同的人或物时 每个名词前各有冠词，谓语动词用复数。指同一个人或物时（此时第二个名词前没有冠词），谓语动词用单数。 如：The painter and the writer have come to our school. 画家和作家，两个人 The painter and writer has come to our school . （画家兼作家，同一个人） 4、不定代词（somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything , nobody, no one, nothing, each , every） 做主语时， 谓语动词用单数。 如：Lucy, someone is waiting for you at the gate . Is everyone here? 5、主语是单数， 后面跟着as well as, but, besides, except, with, together with, along with 等再接一个名词时， 谓语不受后一个名词的影响， 仍然用单数。如果第一个名词是复数，后再接这些词再加一个名词，谓语用复数。也就是说，谓语要与第一个名词保持一致。 Jack, as well as his parents, goes to see his grandpa every week. A woman with a baby in her hands was seen coming from the corner of the street.. 6. 集体名词：army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team., company, crew 等作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。如果主语作为一个整体看，谓语用单数；如果作为其中的成员（个体）看，谓语用复数。 The family are watching TV now. 他们一家人正在看电视。 My family is a happy one. 我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。 Class One is a very good class . Now Class One are having a basketball match. 7. 主语是youth, police, people, clothes, public 等表示复数的（集体）名词做主语，谓语用复数。而表示成双成对的名词，如gloves, shoes, glasses, scissors, trousers等词后，谓语用复数，但用a pair of, this pair of, that pair of 加这些词，谓语用单数。 Where are my shoes This pair of shoes is not mine. 8. the rest of, a part of, a lot of , lots of., plenty of, half of, some of, most of, 百分比以及分数+名词作主语，若名词为不可数名词，谓语用单数，若名词为可数名词时，谓语用复数。 9. the + 形容词表