2008讲稿(第1章).pptVIP

Chapter 1. Colloid and Interface Chemistry 1.1 Colloid Chemistry 1. Colloid （胶体）? Colloid： A dispersion of the particle that has some linear dimension between 1 and 1000（100）nm. Definition of dispersion ： Dispersion（dispersion system) dispersed phase(分散相) continuous phase(连续相) or dispersion medium(分散介质) Any solid, liquid and gas can be as a dispersed phase or continuous phase. 2. Classification of dispersions(分散体系分类) True solution(分子分散体系): There is not interface between dispersed phase and dispersion medium. Colloid dispersion(colloid solution)(胶体分散体系: Linear dimension of particles is between 1 and 1000（100）nm. Coarse dispersion(粗分散体系): Dimension of particles 1000 nm. 3. Classification of colloids(胶体体系分类) Lyophilic colloids（亲液胶体） Colloids Lyophobic colloids （憎液胶体） (1) Lyophilic colloids: Macromolecular solution Polymer solution. B. Micelle(胶束、胶团) solution Micelles are clusters of small molecules that form spontaneously in aqueous solution mostly. Micelle solution is often called association colloids（缔合胶体）. Why? A. The size of macromolecules and micelles is in the range of 1-1000 nm. B. There is not interface between dispersed phase and continuous phase. The solution is stable thermodynamiclly. C. Properties of the solutions like colloids. such as optical, rheological properties. (2) Lyophobic colloids： There is a interface between dispersed phase and continuous phase, the colloids are unstable thermodynamically. Lyophobic colloids are known by a variety of terms, depending on the nature of the phases involved. 4. Stability of colloids (1) Concept of stability of colloidal systems Lyophilic colloids form true solutions, and true solutions are produced spontaneously when solute and solvent are brought together. In the absence of chemical changes or changes of temperature, a solution is stable indefinitely. Finely subdivided dispersions(lyophobic colloids) of two