应用光学4.4-4.7.ppt

In sec.4.3 we have mentioned that in order to keep the angle of two mirrors unchanged, the two mirrors are usually made on a common glass. These kinds of optical elements are called prisms. The prism in fig.4.9 is called Penta prism(五角棱镜) Fig.4.10 shows the appearance of a right-angle prism. It is a triangle cylinder(三角柱体). The plane or section which is perpendicular to each prism is called main section(主截面). The rays lie in the main section will lie still in the same section after passing through the prism. 4.5 roof surfaces and roof prisms(屋脊面和屋脊棱镜) In order to get an image similar to the object, two surfaces at 90°whose intersection lies in the hypotenuse(斜边) can be used to replace one of the reflecting surfaces. These special surfaces are called roof surfaces (屋脊面). A prism containing roof surfaces is called roof prism (屋脊棱镜). What is the role of the roof prism ? The addition of the roof to the prism is to introduce an extra inversion to the image or change the total reflecting number from odd to even, keep the original axis and image orientation in the main section unchanged. In this way we can add a reflection and get an image similar to the object. 在不改变光轴方向和主截面内成像方向的条件下，使像倒置一次，或使系统总的反射次数由奇数变成偶数，从而达到物像相似的要求 4.6 imaging property of parallel glass block and prism size calculation We mentioned in the previous section that by using a prism to replace mirrors corresponds to add a parallel glass block. 4.7.1 mirror and prism system with single main section mirror and prism system with single main section means that all of the main sections of the mirrors and prisms coincide with one another. If there is no roof surface in the system the orientation of z which is normal to the main section will be parallel to all of the reflecting surfaces. According to the mirror imaging properties, the object and the image are symmetrical to the mirror, so the orientation of z’ in image space will be as the same as that of z in the object space no matter how many reflections h