研究生学位论文APA格式.docVIP

研究生学位论文APA格式指南 一、引用（Quotations） 1. 如果引用字数少于40个，不必另起一段。 2. 如果引用字数超过40个，那就称为成段引用，需要另起一段，每一行从左右两边各缩进5-7个空格，下面每一行跟上面的对齐（见例1），但如果还要引用第二段，第二段开始应在左边再缩进5个空格（见例2）。成段引用不需要引号，但要在引用结束时标明页码。 例1： Raymond Williams(1985) explains that the word career has all but lost its original meaning. He comments that Career is now so regularly used to describe a person’s progress in life, or, be deviation from this, his profession or vocation that it is difficult to remember, in the same context, its original meaning of a racecourse and a gallop---though in some contexts, as in the phrase “careering about”, these survive. (p. 10) 例2： Raymond Williams(1985) explains that the word career has all but lost its original meaning. He comments that Career is now so regularly used to describe a person’s progress in life, or, be deviation from this, his profession or vocation that it is difficult to remember, in the same context, its original meaning of a racecourse and a gallop---though in some contexts, as in the phrase “careering about”, these survive. Career appeared in English… (p. 10) 二、引证（Parenthetical reference citations in text） 如果用某个作者具体的话或论点来进行引证，要注明作者的姓和出版年份。这样可以从参考书目中帮助读者确定信息来源。下面将对各种不同情况的引证一一介绍。 1. 如果是间接引用，即不引用原话，可以不用引号，只注明作者和出版年。如果是直接引用，即引用原话，必须用引号，并且除了标明作者和出版年以外，还要标明具体页码。当然，你如果希望精确出处，即使是间接引用，也可以标明页码。见例3与例4。 例3： As metaphors for the workings of nature, Darwin used the tangled bank, the tree of life, and the face of nature (Gould, 1989). 例4：Darwin used the metaphor of tree “to express the other form of interconnectedness---genealogical rather than ecological” (Gould, 1989, p. 14). 2. 如果在你的正文中提到你要引用的作者，只需标明出版年，要紧随其姓氏后用括号标明。见例5。 例5: Gould (1989) attributes Darwin’s success to his gift for making the appropriate metaphor. 3. 如果在你的正文中没有提到你要引用的作者，则需在引用结束时用括号标明作者和出版年。如果是直接引用还要标明页码。见例6。 例6：It has been argued that the teachers’ role is to provide the students with optimal conditions which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar successful results (Bloom, 1976)