金融英语问答题.doc

问答题 1，货币的职能The Functions of Money Medium of Exchange or Means of Exchange（交易媒介和交易手段） Unit of Account or Standard of Value（计量单位和价值尺度） Store of Value（价值储备） 2，货币的定义The Meaning of Money Marx defines money as a special commodity that permanently serves as a general equivalent. Western economists define money (or, equivalently, the money supply) as anything that is generally accepted in payment for goods or services or in the repayment of debts 3，Types of Money(货币的种类) Since the primitive economy, money changed from commodity money to metallic money, from metallic money to representative money, from representative money to credit money and finally electronic money. In economic life, the need for money is so strong that almost every society, except the most primitive one, invents it. (1) Commodity money or money in kind（商品货币或事物货币） (2)Representative money（银行券代用货币） (3) Credit money（信用货币） (4) Electronic Money（电子货币） The extension of modern money（现代货币信用的扩展） The general measure of money supply（货币供给的一般度量） M0 is the currency or cash in circulation including bank notes and coins. M0 is also called base money that measures the quantity of currency issued by the central Bank. M1 = M0 + Dd M1 comprises those assets which are themselves acceptable in exchange and normally held with the intention of spending them in the immediate future. M1 includes M0, plus Dd—checkable or demand deposits at banks. The broader measure of money supply: M2 and M3 M2 = M1 + Ds + Dt M2 is a broader measure of purchasing power than M1. It includes all of M1 plus savings deposits and time deposits at banks. M3 = M2 + short-term government securities + commercial paper + life Insurance policies Quasi-money (准货币) The Development of Monetary Systems and Their Types（货币制度的发展和种类） The silver standard (16th century)银本位 (2) The bimetallic standard (16th—18th century)金银复本位 (3)The gold standard (1813—1914 the beginning of World War II )金本位 (4) Inconvertible credit money standard