4_OIL_WAXES PULL-UP.pptVIP

23 October 2001 OILS – WAXESPULL-UP Shanghai Workshop March 24th-28th, 2008 Oils-Waxes Pull-up Definition Are strictly chemically oils and waxes different ? NO Both are esthers of fat acids (with long hydrocarbon chain) R-COO-R’ Oils-Waxes Pull-up Origin We can classify Oils and Waxes as Minerals (from crude oil → Hydrocarbon) Animals Vegetables Synthetic Oils-Waxes Pull-up Animals Lanoline : wool wax, wool fat or wool grease. It is a greasy yellow substance from wool hearing animals Oils-Waxes Pull-up Vegetables Carnauba : melting point 78-85°C (among the highest of natural waxes) Candelilla : melting point 67-69°C – similar to carnauba Beeswax : melting point 62-64° obtained from honeycombs of bees Oils-Waxes Pull-up Synthetic Synthesized from long carbon chains Oils-Waxes Pull-up Emulsions Essentially we have two kind of possible emulsions of Oils/Waxes : In Polar substances (es. Water) In Non Polar substances (es. Organic solvent) Oils-Waxes Pull-up Emulsion Definition Emulsion are dispersed systems constituted by two liquids which are not mixable . We have two kind of emulsion : Oil in Water (O/W) Water in Oil (W/O) Oils-Waxes Pull-up Surfactants In order to emulsify an Oil/Wax in water is necessary to use some surfactants which are a kind of “bridge” between drop of Oil/Waxes and water. As higher the viscosity as less small drops. Oils-Waxes Pull-up Pull-up definition Pull-up effect refer to the color difference between the base color and the surface color once the leather is being folded/”pulled”. Oils-Waxes Pull-up Methods of Application Hot drum stuffing : application of waxes/oils by drum without water Semi stuffing : application of waxes/oils by drum with a short float In finishing : application of waxes/oils by hand and/or by roller-coating machine (cold or hot system) Oils-Waxes Pull-up What Happen ? In drying and heating (by felt polishing or plating) an oxidation of the system waxes/oils hap