terms of logic.pptVIP

a、Dicto Simpliciter绝对判断 the argument is a fallacy.?Exercise is good?is an unqualified generalization. For instance, if you have heart disease, exercise is bad, not good. Many people are ordered by their doctors?not?to exercise. You must?qualify?the generalization. You must say exercise is?usually?good, or exercise is good?for most people. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter b、Hasty generalization草率结论 Eg: You can’t speak French. Petey Bellows can’t speak French. I must therefore conclude that nobody at the University of Minnesota [,minis?ut?] (明尼苏达大学（美国）) can speak French.” it’s a fallacy. The generalization is reached too hastily草率. There are too few instances to support such a conclusion.” c. Post Hoc. 牵强附会/因果颠倒 Eg: Let’s not take Bill on our picnic. Every time we take him out with us, it rains.” “I know somebody just like that,” she （Polly）exclaimed. “A girl back home—Eula Becker, her name is. It never fails. Every single time we take her on a picnic—” “Polly,” I said sharply, “it’s a fallacy. Eula Becker doesn’t?cause?the rain. She has no connection with the rain. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.” d. Contradictory premises矛盾前提 Eg: If God can do anything, can He make a stone so heavy that He won’t be able to lift it?” when the premises(前提） of an argument contradict each other, there can be no argument. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object无法撼动之物. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. ” e. Ad Misericordiam.”感性论证/文不对题 Eg: A man applies for a job. When the boss asks him what his qualifications are, he replies that he has a wife and six children at home, the wife is a helpless cripple, the children have nothing to eat, no clothes to wear, no shoes on their feet, there are no beds in the house, no coal in the cellar, and winter is coming.” it’s no argument. The man never answered the boss’s question about his qualifications. Instead he appealed to the boss’s sympathy. He c