General Introduction of American Literary History.pptVIP

Hello, everyone! Welcome to this lecture ! Please consider the following Course-Wide Questions first: How can we talk about the relationship between the invented world of fiction and real life? What kind of work do novels do? How do these novels make meaning?? How is narrative fiction different from and like the stories, fictions, texts, and cultural narratives that surround and inform them? How do these American novels play with social fictions, ways of telling, and the stories that make up memory and history? General Introduction of American Literary History 美国文学史概述 Colonial America and its Writing The emphasis of study： 1.The brief history of the colonial period and its literature 2.The Independence War 3.The Civil War 4. The American literature between the two Wars The Foundation of English Colonies in North America（1607--1733） Since most critics hold that American literature did not begin until the 19th century, it is appropriate to discuss the early period of American literature in a very brief summary. The new continent was discovered in the fifteenth-century, but the first English settlement was established in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia. In 1620 the austere Pilgrims stepped on the New England shore at Plymouth by “Mayflower”. During the next 150 years, the English gradually established thirteen colonies in the New World. 英属北美殖民地的建立 ?北美洲原始居民为印第安人。16-18世纪，正在进行资本原始积累的西欧各国相继入侵北美洲。 法国人建立了新法兰西 包括圣劳伦斯流域下游，密西西比河流域等 ；西班牙人建立了新西班牙 包括墨西哥和美国西南部广大地区 。 1607年，英国建立了第1个殖民据点—詹姆士城，此后在大西洋沿岸陆续建立了13个殖民地。 移民中有逃避战祸和宗教迫害者，有 “契约奴”、乞丐、罪犯；还有被贩运来的非洲黑人。 “五月花”号 Mayflower ? 以第一艘运载英国移民驶往北美建立普利茅斯殖民地的船只和在该船上制定《“五月花”号公约》而闻名。载重约180吨，长90英尺。 分离派 separatists 是英国清教中最激进的一派，由于受英国国教的残酷迫害，1608年8月前往荷兰。一部分教徒决定迁居北美，并与弗吉尼亚公司签订移民合同。1620年9月，在牧师布莱斯特率领下l02人乘“五月花”号前往北美。11月21日，到达科德角，于圣诞节后第一天在普利茅斯地方上岸。登陆前，由分离派领袖主持制定《“五月花”号公约》。其内容为：组织公民团体；拟定公正的法律、法令、规章和条例。此公约奠定了新英格兰诸州自治政府的基础。 The Ship of Mayflower Literature of Colonial Period 殖民地时期的文学 Early colonial American writing reveals the beginning of an explor