近现代世界史 复题答案.docVIP

Revision material of A History of the Modern World The first semester of 2013~2014 Chapter One Be familiar with the map on the page 4 to 5 and be able to recognize the different regions on the map. read the map on page 4 and 5. What were the classical virtues of the Greek World? For the Greeks , the ideal lay in moderation , or a golden mean. They valued order, balance, symmetry,clarity, and control. Their statues of idealized males revealed their conception of what humans ought to be—noble creatures,dignified,poised, unterrified by life or death, masters of themselves and their feelings. Their architecture, as in the Parthenon, made use of exactly measured and rows of columns. What caused the disintegration of the Roman Empire? The Roman Empire began to decline in the 3rd century, mostly because of the following reasons: The founding of Constantinople—in the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium, renamed it Constantinople. Decline in the west—after 395, the empire was permanently divided into the east and west, and the west began to decrepitude. Barbarian invasions—in 476, a barbarian chieftain deposed the last Roman emperor in the West. Then the old unity of the Greco-Roman or Mediterranean world was broken. what were the characteristics of the newly-formed Byzantine world, the Arabic world and the West? Byzantine world-it represented the most direct continuation of the ancient civilizations of the Middle East. It was Christian in religion and Greek in culture and language. the Arabic world-it became the most dynamic culture in the lands of the old Roman Empire, Arabic was the language and Islam was its religion. In the science, the Arabs not only learned from but also went beyond the Greeks(they translate Greek scientific literature). the West-it included only Italy, France, Belgium, the Rhineland, and Britain. The region in chaos. They enjoyed more freedom in their than did the citizens of the Roman Empire, many of