13 过去分词.doc

第一章、过去分词在句子中的成分 过去分词（The Past Participle）是一种非限定动词。它通常由动词原形加-ed构成，少数不规则动词的过去分词为不规则形式。过去分词一般只有一种形式，但是有的不规则动词的过去分词有两种形式。在各类应试中，过去分词都是一项重要的测试内容。 1. 过去分词（短语）作表语 The traverllers were completely exhausted.游客完全筋疲力尽了。The scientists were excited about the result of the experiment.科学家们对实验结果感到很兴奋。Never touch an electric wire when it is broken.绝不要动断了的电线。We are determined to build a reservoir here in the shortest possible time.我们决心尽快地在这里建一水库。I am convinced of his honesty. 我深信他的诚实。Are you satisfied that I am telling the truth?你相信我说的是实话吗？ 2.过去分词（短语）作定语 (1) 单个的过去分词作定语时通常前置。及物动词的过去分词具有被动和完成意义。如： the unexpected loss意外损失 planned economy计划经济 a complicated problem复杂问题 changed conditions改变了的情况 armed forces武装部队 canned food罐装食品 stricken area灾区 a delighted look高兴的神色 ? (2) 不及物动词的过去分词具有主动和完成意义。如： fallen leaves落叶 faded flowers凋谢的花 newly arrived goods新到的商品 the exploded bomb已爆炸了的炸弹 the risen sun升起的太阳 departed friends离去的朋友 an escaped prisoners逃犯 a retired teacher退休教师 retured students归国留学生 an expired passports过期护照 ? (3) 过去分词短语作定语时通常后置，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但比从句简洁，多用于书面语。如：The concert given by the symphony was a great success.该交响乐团举行的音乐会大为成功。A drop of water seen through microscope is filled with living things.通过显微镜能看到一滴水里充满了各种生物。 (4) 以“名词+过去分词”或“副词+过去分词”组成的复合形容词作前置定语。如：state-owned enterprises 国有企业a poverty-stricken plac e贫穷的地方quick-frozen food 速冻食品a much-needed reform 急需进行的改革 3. 过去分词（短语）作状语 (1) 过去分词（短语）作时间状语 Seen under a microscope ,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.在显微镜下观察，刚飘下的雪花呈精巧的六角形。(=when it is seen under the microscope)When heated, ice will be changed into water.当冰受热时，它就会变成水。(=when it is heated) (2) 过去分词（短语）作原因状语Many of us, being so excited ,could not go to sleep that night我们很多人是那样的激动，那天晚上都没有睡着。(=because we were so excited)Born and bred in the countryside，sister Carrie was bewildered by the big city.嘉莉妹妹生长在乡下，对这座大城市感到迷惑。Gone from home so long，they joyously embraced their mates of boyhood.他们久离家乡，高兴地拥抱他们的儿时伙伴。Raised in an atmosphere of love，Shaw is alw