Exeter’sWorkforNRELandtheCaliforniaEnergy.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * Exeter Associates, Inc. Exeter Associates, Inc. Exeter Associates, Inc. Exeter Associates, Inc. Exeter Associates, Inc. Kevin Porter and Sari Fink 凯文 波特，莎莉 芬科 Exeter Associates公司 Energy Foundation Meeting on Wind Integration 能源基金会美国并网经验介绍会 Beijing, China June 2010 Outline提纲 Introduction 简介 Examples of Wind Curtailment 弃风案例 Generator interconnection 并网 Contractual 协议 Bid-based curtailment 招标法弃风 Daily operating limits 日常运行限制 By type of wind technology 依据风电技术类型 Amount of available reserves 备用电源量 Compensation 补偿 Curtailment Data 弃风数据 Conclusions 结论 * Exeter Associates Introduction 简介 Wind power development has increased dramatically over the last decade, while transmission investment in many regions has failed to keep pace. Additionally, wind facility construction times are much shorter than for transmission. Wind may blow stronger at night when loads are low. This has resulted in situations where wind energy production can at times exceed the electricity system’s ability to operate reliably. Curtailment of wind energy has increased as a result. * Exeter Associates, Inc. 风电在过去的十年中发展非常迅猛，然而在很多地方输电投资却跟不上 而且风电场建设所需时间远低于输电设施建设的时间 夜晚用电负荷低的时候，风资源却偏偏更好 这导致，有些时候，风电会超出电力系统的接纳能力，危及电网的安全运行 弃风成为无奈的选择 Why Important for China 对中国的重要意义 Significant international experience and experimentation with wind curtailment. International experience can provide useful experience from both system and generation perspective. * Exeter Associates, Inc. 重要的国际弃风经验和实验 这些国际经验可以从发电端和电力系统两个方面提供有用的参考 Curtailment Data弃风数据 * Exeter Associates Curtailment data can be difficult to acquire as there are seldom requirements in place for reporting it. The table below gives some data for various jurisdictions. Entity单位 Curtailment Data弃风数据 BPA As of March 30, 2010, total cumulative capacity of wind that has been limited is 2900 MW. ERCOT In 2009, curtailed on average around 500 to 2,000 MW daily, max amount approximately 3,900 MW. ERCOT curtailed about 16% of wind generation in 2