关于英国大法官的发展历史及意义.doc

Contemporary Britain Culture and Society Homework One Name: Xu Jun Class: class one School Number:座机电话号码 Time:2013-3-3 Lord chancellor？ History of Lord Chancellor It was said that the office of Lord Chancellor of England may start from the Carolingian monarchy, in which a Chancellor acted as the keeper of the royal seal. Some said the Lord Chancellor really begins in 605. Other sources suggest that the first to appoint a Chancellor was Edward the Confessor. During the Middle Ages the Lord Chancellor performed multiple functions—he was the Keeper of the Great Seal, the chief royal chaplain, and adviser in both spiritual and temporal matters. Thus, the position emerged as one of the most important ones in government. He was only outranked in government by the Justiciar. Since the 19th century, all of the offices having fallen into disuse except Lord Chancellor. The Lord Chancellor was the leader of Department of Lord Chancellor,the speaker of The House of Lords,Lord Chancellor in Cabinet，the chief judge of the Supreme Court of Appeals and the High Court of Justice，and the Speaker of the House of Lords. On June 12, 2003，the Prime Minister of England ---Tony﹒Blair, reformed the Cabinet, after withdrawing the office of Lord Chancellor,Department of Constitutional Affairs was established. 2）What does this development show? The development shows that Lord Chancellor has undergone three times of change in the history----Administration officials judicial, clergy secularization, neutral personnel politicized. As for their roles, they were changed from god faithful servant into the head of the church, the king capable assistant and loyal confession division into command minister and Lord Keeper of the Great Seal , the father of equity into the chancery division, the kings conscience guardian, senior members of the ruling party; finally it became the combination of legislative function, the administrative function, judicial functions and even religious asylum function . 3）