初中八种时态归纳.docVIP

① 一般现在时 一．意义：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的状态或者动作的一种时间状态。 二．一般现在时有两种结构，一种是动词原形，用于主语为非第三人称时的情况；另一种为动词的第三人称单数形式，用于主语为第三人称单数时的情况。 We often get up early in the morning. We don’t get up early in the morning. My father often gets up early in the morning. My father doesn’t get up early in the morning. 三．动词第三人称单数变化规则 动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。 （1）一般在词尾加-s。 如：looks, puts. reads, sees等。 （2）以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es。 如：goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,washes等。 （3）辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再加-es。注意一定是辅音字母加y才变，若是元音字母（a,e,i,o,u）加y，则直接加-s。 如：fly → flies, try → tries, fry → fries, copy → copies，study→studies buy → buys, enjoy → enjoys, play → plays, say → says, pay → pays 特殊情况：have→has 四．一般现在时的用法 表示经常性，习惯性，永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等时间状语连用。 1. They usually go to school by bike. 2. I take the medicine three times a day. 3. She helps her mother once a week. 4. Mary’s father is a policeman. 5. There are 50 students in my class. 6. He sometimes goes to school on foot. 7. My father works in the hospital as a doctor. (2)表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言，谚语等。 1.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 太阳从东方升起西方落下。 The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man. 不到长城非好汉。 五．一般现在时的句型转换 (1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句. 例：①陈述句：She is a student. 疑问句→ Is she a student? 否定句→ She is not a student. ②陈述句：I can swim. 疑问句→ Can you swim 否定句→ I can not swim. (2) 当句子中即没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。 例：①陈述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning. 疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning. ②陈述句：She has a little brother. 疑问句→ Does she have a little brother? 否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother. ② 现在进行时 一．意义：表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事或现阶段正发生的事而此刻动作不一定在进行。 二．基本用法 ①表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事。 1.