《微生物学教学课件》Guide-chapt04.docVIP

4 Eucaryotic Cell Structure and Function CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter focuses on eucaryotic cell structure and function. Although procaryotic organisms are immensely important in microbiology, eucaryotic microorganisms—such as fungi, algae, and protozoa—are also prominent members of many ecosystems, and some have medical significance as etiological agents of disease as well. The chapter concludes with a comparison of eucaryotic and procaryotic cells. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter you should be able to: ? identify major eucaryotic cell structures in a drawing or photomicrograph ? discuss the various elements of the cytoskeleton microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules with regard to their structure and various functions within the cell ? discuss the composition, structure, and function of each of the internal organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleus, and nucleolus ? discuss the mechanism of endocytosis and the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis ? compare mitosis and meiosis ? compare and contrast procaryotes and eucaryotes CHAPTER OUTLINE An Overview of Eucaryotic Cell Structure Eucaryotic cells have membrane-delimited nuclei In addition to the nucleus, eucaryotic cells have other membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions within the cells; this allows simultaneous independent control of cellular processes Eucaryotic cells also contain a large intracytoplasmic membrane complex, which provides a large surface area allowing greater respiratory and photosynthetic activity; this complex of membranes also serves as a transport system to move materials to different cell locations The Cytoplasmic Matrix, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubules The cytoplasmic matrix, although superficially featureless, provides the complex environment required for many cellular activities Microfilaments 4 to 7 nm may be scattered thr