国际结算中英版.docVIP

国际结算 1.1 The Concept of International Trade国际贸易的观念 International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for those produced in another country. In most cases countries do not trade the actual the goods and services. Rather they use the income or money from the sale of their products to buy the products of another country. 1.2 Introduction to International Payments and Settlements International payments and settlements are financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to clear relations of debts. 国际支付与结算是指为清偿国际间的债权债务关系或跨国转移资金而发生在不同国家之间的货币收付活动。 1.2 categories(分类) (1)、According to the cause of international settlement International trade settlement(国际贸易结算) International trade settlement is created on the basis of sales of commodities. 国际贸易结算是指有形贸易活动（即由商品的进出口）引起的货币收付活动.（主要形式） International non-trade settlement (国际非贸易结算) invisible trade无形交易 financial transaction金融业务 payment between governments政府间的款项 others 其他业务 (2)、According to whether cash is used Cash settlement(现金结算) International payments is effected by shipping precious metals taking the form of coins, bars or bullions to or from the trading countries. Non-cash settlement(非现金结算) International payment is settled by way of transferring funds through the accounts opened in these banks. Four major clearing systems in the world(四大清算系统) 2.1 SWIFT(Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) SWIFT is a service organization established to meet a number of specialized service needs relating to interbank financial communications through a dedicated data processing and telecommunication system. Membership 会员制 Low expenses 低费用 Security 安全性 Standardised 标准化 2.2 CHIPS(The Clearing House Interbank Payment System).纽约清算所同业支付系统 2.3 CHAPS（Clearing House Automated Payment System）伦敦银行同业自动支付