专业英语59214.pptVIP

* 1．大多数车床有8～18种转速，一般按等比级数排列。而且在现代机床上只需扳动2～4个手柄，就能得到全部转速。一种正在不断增长的趋势是通过电气的或机械的装置进行无级变速。 1．Most lathes provide from 8 to 18 speeds, usually in a geometric ratio, and on modern lathes all the speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four levers. An increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range through electrical or mechanical drives. 2．在金属切削加工中，不需要的材料以切屑、颗粒等形式被去除掉。去除切屑是获得所要求的尺寸公差和表面质量的必要手段。 2．The unwanted material in metal-cutting processes is removed as chips, particles, and so on. The chips are a necessary means to obtain the desired tolerances, and surfaces. 3．轴安装在轴承中，通过齿轮、皮带轮、凸轮和离合器等零件传递动力。如果轴以临界速度转动，将会发生强烈的振动，可能会毁坏整台机器。 3．Shafts are mounted in bearings and transmit power through such devices as gears, pulleys, cams and clutches. If shafts are run at critical speeds , severe vibrations can occur which can seriously damage a machine . 4．所有的物体，不管是弹性体还是塑性体，在外力作用下都将发生变形。当物体的变形非常小时，为了简化计算，通常假设这个物体是刚体，也就是认为它没有发生变形。 4．All bodies are either elastic or plastic and will be deformed if acted upon by forces. When the deformation of such bodies is small，they are frequently assumed to be rigid, i.e., incapable of deformation, in order to simplify the analysis. A coupling is a device for connecting the ends of adjacent shafts。In machine construction，couplings are used to effect a semipermanent connection between adjacent rotating shafts。The connection is permanent in the sense that it is not meant to be broken during the useful life of the machine，but it can be broken and restored in an emergency or when worn parts are replaced。 5. 联轴器是用来把两个相邻轴端连接起来的装置。在机械结构中，联轴器被用来实现相邻的两根转轴之间的半永久性联接。在机器的正常使用期间内，这种联接一般不必拆开，在这种意义上，可以说联轴器的联接是永久性的。但是在紧急情况下，或者需要更换已磨损的零件时，可以先把联轴器拆开，然后再联接上。 1. 在金属切削加工中，材料的去除是利用刚性刀具进行的。但在特种加工工艺中，则是利用电化学反应、高温等离子、高速射流等来去除多余材料。 1. In metal-cutting processes, the material is removed by cutting tool. but in nontraditional manufacturing processes ，the unwanted material removal can be accomplished with electrochemical reactions, high-tempera