T英语的时态.pptVIP

2．现在完成时的用法： （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。例如： ① I have never heard of that before. ② Have you ever ridden a horse ③ She has already finished the work. ④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. ⑤ I’ve just lost my science book. 有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。 ③ They have lived here since 1990. ④ What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years? 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。 （4） have been to 和have gone to 的区别： ★have / has been to 表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。 ★have / has gone to 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。 试比较： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在这儿） He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。 （人已走，不在这儿）。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 ◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。 ◎ 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。　 ◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不确定的时间状语。 注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如： （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 2 用于till / until 从句的差异： 　　 延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” ；瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”。 　　 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 　　他到10 点才回来。 　　 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10点。 2、过去完成时的用法： （1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. （2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.　 （5）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本…，未能… We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. （6）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 　 He said that he had learned some English before. 　 By the time he was twelve, Edison