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Vortex Generators AOE 4124 Dr. Mason March 26, 2004 Rich Stark Brian Squires Jessica Walker Definition of Vortex Generators According to Clancy in “Aerodynamics” (Ref 1.) : Vortex generators are small, cambered, thin airfoils placed to introduce swirling motions that energize the boundary layer causing a delay in stall. Common Applications External – Fuselage/Wing Upstream of flight control surfaces where BL attachment is critical Internal – Propulsion Prevents flow separation, excessive BL growth, and to reduce total pressure distortion of the flow ingested by the engine History of Vortex Generators First used in England (inventor unknown) Used first on Transport Jets and Bizjets Used as a “band-aid” for localized mach buffeting problems First GA applications on Cessna 206 and Baron D-55 How They Work Create strong tip vortices which feed high energy air from the external stream to mix with/replace the slower moving air in the boundary layer Reduces the effects of adverse pressure gradients and prevents separation Flow Effects of VGs Shed Vortex Structure VG Effect on CL at Various Angles of Attack Arrangement of VGs Usually located at the transition from laminar to turbulent flow Typically 80% of boundary layer thickness Various GA Aircraft Models Which Offer VG Kits BEECH Duke 60, A60, B60, Bonanza 33, 35, 36, 36TC CESSNA 120/140 Skywagon 180, 185 310, 310A-R, T310P-R 320D-F 335, 340, 340A 401, 401A, 401B 402, 402A, 402B, 402C 414, 414A 421, 421A, 421B, 421C 441 (Conquest II) deHAVILLAND Beaver Mk I Various GA Aircraft Models Which Offer VG Kits (cont.) PIPER Navajo PA31-310, 325C/R Colemill Panther I II Chieftan PA31-350, T1020 Seneca II/III/IV PA34 Super Cruiser PA12, PA14 Super Cub PA18 AGPLANES Ayres Thrush, Air Tractor, Cessna 188 AgWagon, Piper PA36 Brave, Dromader, Weatherly Commercial Transport Aircraft with VGs Pros and Cons Pros: Increases slope of lift curve Increase in Gross Take-off Weight Stall speed reduction (7-21%) Improved handling
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