英语中的修辞格.docVIP

英语中的修辞格 (一)使用语音手段的修辞格.主要有: 　　1.头韵(alliteration):在词的开头重复相同的元音或辅音.例如: 　　①Time and tide wait for no man. 　　②Suddenly the sky turned gray, 　　The day, 　　Which had been bitter and chill, 　　Grew soft and still. 　　2.拟声(onomatopoeia):以相似的声音描摹非语言的声音.例如: 　　①She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt-sunlight, the rustling(沙沙声、瑟瑟声) of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking(咯吱声、叽嘎声) of a door, the voice of a loved one. 　　②You see, life is made up sobs(哭泣声),sniffles(抽鼻子声) and smiles-but mainly of sniffles. 　　(二)使用词汇手段的修辞格.主要有: 　　1.明喻(simile):用另一种事物比喻所要说明的事物,通常用like或as连用.例如: 　　①It(The hair) fell about her, rippling and shining like a brown waterfall. 　　②It(The lion) is as big as a very large dog. 　　2.隐喻(metaphor):不用like或as隐藏的比喻.例如: 　　①He said, A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. 　　②Hope is the poor mans bread. 　　3.提喻(synecdoche):以部分代替整体,单个代替类别,具体代表抽象,或反过来,以全体代替部分,类别代替单个,抽象代替具体.例如: 　　①Once Lu Xun spoke to the youth about the study of foreign language. 　　[youth不只是抽象名词表年轻、青春(状态或阶段),在古英语中就已经可以作集合名词指青年人这一整体。] 　　②A horse is an animal. 　　③The CCTV(中央电视台) has been broadcasting English programmes ever since 1977.(用整体代替部分,指中央电视台的工作人员) 　　4.讽喻(allegory):以形象的形式说明一些抽象的要领或深刻的道理,谚语是最常见的例子.例如: 　　①Fish begins to stink at the head.上梁不正下梁歪. 　　②You can not eat your cake and have it.两者不可兼得. 　　③Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口. 　　5.借代(metonymy):不相类似的甲事物同乙事物之间有着不可分离的关系,利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物.例如: 　　①In the country the revolutionaries set fire to the nobles castle and burnt them to the ground.(划线部分代封建制度) 　　②I saw that a little further up the traffic lights had turned red.(用红灯代stop) 　　③When the light turned green, I said to him, Dont be stupid in future...(用绿灯代start) 　　④Hank couldnt believe his ears.(用ears代所说的话) 　　6.委婉语(euphenism):用比较温和的词代替粗鲁的词或使人不愉快的词,用通行的词代替禁忌的词.例如: 　　①Would you like some help? 　　试比较: 　　a. Will you like some help? 　　b. Do you like some help? 　　②You look rather pale. Is there anything the matter? 　　试比较:You look rather ill.